U.S. Air Force Receives First TPY-4 for Testing

The U.S. Air Force has received the first TPY-4 radar from Lockheed Martin‘s [LMT] Syracuse site under the Three-Dimensional Expeditionary Long-Range Radar (3DELRR) program after the completion of early phase testing, the company said this week.

Rick Cordaro, the vice president of Lockheed Martin radar and sensor systems, said in a statement that “the 3DELRR program is of the utmost importance to air surveillance and defense capabilities worldwide, as well as defending the nation.”

Pictured is a TPY-4 radar (Lockheed Martin Photo)

“The first delivery of TPY-4 to the U.S. Air Force represents the numerous radars to be delivered and fielded as part of the 3DELRR program,” the company said. “TPY-4’s delivery marks the beginning of government testing. The delivery coincides with the award of a contract in a series of radar purchases by the U.S. Air Force, as a part of the 3DELRR program.”

The Air Force chose Lockheed Martin as the 3DELRR contractor in March 2022, and the company may deliver 35 radars to the service under the $360 million program.

Annual Air Force budget requests for 3DELRR have been below $20 million thus far, including about $8 million in fiscal 2025.

A fiscal 2024 U.S. Northern Command/North American Aerospace Defense Command unfunded priorities list to Congress said that 1980s radars, such as the Lockheed Martin FPS-117 for the North Warning System, will reach the end of their service lives this year and that these radars “will begin to fail at increasing rates.”

The top Republican and Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Committee last September voiced concern about the lack of a radar/sensor grid to detect small drones around U.S. bases (Defense Daily, Sept. 11, 2024).

The TPY-4 is to replace the 1970s-era Westinghouse, now Northrop Grumman [NOC] TPS-75, and Lockheed Martin has said that the TPY-4 will track small drones from hundreds of miles away, as well as missiles in jamming environments.

Lockheed Martin said that C-130 and C-17 airlifters, trucks, trains, and helicopters are able to carry the TPY-4.

Norway is to buy 11 TPY-4s and the country’s Kongsberg builds the radar’s Platform Electronics Subsystem as part of the Lockheed Martin team for 3DELRR (Defense Daily, Sept. 11, 2024).

Army Secretary Dan Driscoll Tapped To Replace Kash Patel As Acting ATF Director

Army Secretary Dan Driscoll has been tapped to replace FBI Director Kash Patel as acting director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), a defense official has confirmed to Defense Daily.

Driscoll is expected to retain his role as the Army’s top civilian leader while leading the ATF in an acting capacity.

From left, U.S. Army Lt. Col. Alan Nydegger, battalion commander for 3rd Battalion, 140th Aviation Regiment, explains his unit’s role in the southern border mission to the Honorable Daniel P. Driscoll, 26th Secretary of the Army, Doña Ana County International Jetport, New Mexico, March 25, 2025. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Elijah Ingram)

The move, first reported by Reuters, comes less than two months after Driscoll was sworn in as the new Army secretary (Defense Daily, February 25). 

Driscoll, who was most recently a senior adviser to his former Yale Law School classmate Vice President JD Vance, is a former Army armor officer, who then went onto have a career in investment banking and has spent time as a chief operating officer at a venture capital firm and chief strategy officer at a health care business.

The ATF is an agency within the Justice Department, while it does not appear that Driscoll has had any previous experience in law enforcement.

Patel was sworn in as FBI director on February 21 and three days later was also named as acting ATF director, replacing current deputy director March Richardson.

Additional details on why Patel was removed from the role or Driscoll’s plan for balancing the two positions have not yet been confirmed.

Ahead Of Potential Tariff Concerns, Space Force Began Assessing Supply Chain In Wake Of COVID

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo.—The Space Force is assessing its supply chain risks and vulnerabilities more comprehensively after initially looking at the piece parts, which has put the service in a better position to deal with impacts of a potential global trade war stemming from a round of tariffs being imposed by the Trump administration on allies and potential adversaries alike, a senior service acquisition official said on Tuesday.

The Department of the Air Force, which the Space Force is part of, has a “small team” whose “full-time job” is to “really watch the supply chain, understand the risks,” Lt. Gen. Phil Garrant, commander of U.S. Space Systems Command, said during a media roundtable at the Space Symposium.

Last November, then-Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall asked Garrant where the vulnerabilities are. Garrant said the “biggest risk areas” are in the areas of microelectronics, ground entry points, sometimes software, and propulsion tanks.

“I’d say, in general, from a supply chain perspective, radiation hardened microelectronics has been and will be for the foreseeable future, the biggest risk to our supply chain,” he said.

Now the focus is “on getting ahead of it with the long-lead parts and making sure that the industrial partners are part of that team and part of that solution,” he said.

During, and for a time after, the COVID-19 pandemic, microelectronics were in short supply as supply chains globally, especially Asia, were stifled due to public health lockdowns and restrictions.

Some work is being on-shored with Garrant highlighting “a lot of domestic production of the [propulsion] tanks” and some more semiconductor manufacturing happening in the continental U.S. He also pointed to clauses that allow both parties to reopen contract negotiations around economic issues that allow the parties to “adapt to the changing market and make sure that our industrial base stays fluid and is able to deliver the capabilities we need.”

U.S. allies and partners are also important in the supply chain, he said.

U.S. Space Command, SpaceWERX Sponsoring Space Maneuver Challenge

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo.—As part of its efforts around sustaining operations in space amid a war, U.S. Space Command and the Space Force’s innovation arm are co-sponsoring a $19 million challenge for commercial companies to offer their solutions for sustained space maneuver, the head of the command said on Tuesday.

USSPACECOM and SpaceWERX plan to award $1.9 million each to 10 companies for 15-month contracts for the maneuver challenge. Under the awards, the “companies are expected to deliver demonstrable prototypes that support sustained maneuverability and resilience in space operations,” a SpaceWERX spokesman told Defense Daily

.

“This effort will continue to invest in the most promising technology from commercial industry to help us solve the sustained space maneuver challenge so we can bring this joint function to the space domain,” USSPACECOM Commander Gen. Stephen Whiting said at the annual Space Symposium.

Awards to selected companies, which have not been announced yet, are expected around April 14, the SpaceWERX spokesman said. The innovation arm will fund the companies through direct to Phase 2 Small Business Innovation Research awards, he said.

“The Sustained Space Maneuver (SSM) Challenge sought solutions that enable satellites to maneuver more freely in low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit,” the spokesman said via email. “It emphasizes technologies that enhance resilience and survivability of U.S. space assets—such as on-orbit refueling, repair, and upgrades—to ensure continued space domain advantage.”

Whiting said sustainment in space “must be as robust” as it is on Earth, highlighting that “China continues to launch refueling capable satellites and improve their on orbit sustainment and maneuver.”
In addition to on-orbit maneuverability, sustaining space operations also requires responsive launch capabilities and logistics to maintain viable operations, positional advantage, resilience, and combat capability, Whiting said.

Lt. Gen. Phil Garrant, commander of U.S. Space Systems Command, told reporters at the symposium that maneuvering spacecraft also need to be able to sustain their missions.

Garrant pointed out that legacy satellites cannot maneuver without giving up operational utility and they have “limited ability to refuel or be refueled.” He added that case needs to be made to be able to give these satellites the ability to maneuver, possibly with the help of another spacecraft.

In 10 to 15 years, satellites being put on orbit will have modern battery-powered propulsion where traditional fuels are not limiting operations, he said.

EUCOM Chief, HASC Leaders Agree U.S. Should Maintain Troop Levels In Europe

The head of U.S. European Command agreed with the leaders of the House Armed Services Committee on Tuesday that the U.S. should not reduce its troop presence on the continent, amid reports the Trump administration is considering such a move.

Army Gen. Christopher Cavoli, the EUCOM chief who also serves NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), said the U.S. should maintain the force posture level that DoD surged following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

Army Gen. Christopher G. Cavoli, commander, U.S. European Command, and NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Europe, provides testimony at a House Armed Services Committee hearing on national security challenges and U.S. military activity in Europe, on April 10, 2024. (DoD Photo by Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Reina J. Delgado)

“I have consistently recommended throughout that period to maintain the forces we surged forward and I would continue to do so now if asked,” Cavoli said. “The bases that we have in Europe and the legal permissions we have with nations hosting us, [that] gives us the ability to project power quickly in our interests, on behalf of our U.S. unilateral interests.”

Katherine Thompson, acting assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs, noted during the HASC hearing that DoD is currently undergoing a global force posture review and no decisions have been made yet on adjusting troop levels. 

“So we are taking into account not only the dynamics in EUCOM but in all of our theaters and evaluating that based on President Trump’s stated interests and sizing our resources and forces appropriately to that. No decisions have been made as part of that global force posture review. It is ongoing,” Thompson.

The Pentagon has considered a proposal to pull as many as 10,000 troops from Europe, according to a new NBC News report.

Rep. Mike Rogers (R-Ala.) said he’s “concerned” about DoD potentially “significantly reducing” its force posture in Europe and over reports that the Trump administration has considered withdrawing the U.S. from holding the SACEUR position. 

“I’m especially concerned that Congress has not been consulted,” Rogers said. “Cutting our presence in Europe now—especially on NATO’s eastern flank—would only weaken our leverage with Putin.”

“The ranking member and I have made it very clear in our previous correspondence to the department and in [our] opening statement, [DoD] should be focused on maintaining the surge posture we’ve had in Europe since the conflict was started by Russia for the foreseeable future,” Rogers added. 

Cavoli told the Senate Armed Services Committee last week that giving up U.S. leadership of the SACEUR role would be “problematic” (Defense Daily, April 4). 

“I think that would bring some challenges in terms of nuclear command and control. It would put us in a position where, in an Article 5 situation, we could have, for the first time since the first World War, large numbers of U.S. troops under non-U.S. command. So I think those are things that would have to be considered carefully,” Cavoli said. “That, of course, would be a policy decision. I merely laid out the advantages and disadvantages of it from a military perspective.”

Lozano: Army Looking To AI, Autonomy Capabilities For Contribution to Golden Dome

The Army’s contribution to the Trump administration’s “Golden Dome for America” missile defense project will include looking at artificial intelligence-driven capabilities to enable remote operations and reduce the architecture’s manpower requirements, a senior official said Monday.

Maj. Gen. Frank Lozano, program executive officer for missile and space, said the Army is “infancy” of thinking through and defining how it will approach the autonomous piece of Golden Dome.

Maj. Gen. Frank Lozano, Program Executive Officer, Missiles and Space, United States Army (Photo: U.S. Army)
Maj. Gen. Frank Lozano, Program Executive Officer, Missiles and Space, United States Army (Photo: U.S. Army)

“What we’ve really been asked to consider as an Army contribution to Golden Dome for America is what can we provide from a next-generation capability in the terminal defense space. And in that space, it’s less about the specific capability outcome we’re trying to achieve and really, right now, more focused on how do we go about performing that function in a different way,” Lozano said in remarks at the Fires Symposium in Lawton, Oklahoma.

Trump in late January signed an executive order to pursue the massive, likely multi-billion dollar Golden Dome project, originally called “Iron Dome For America,” envisioning a “next-generation missile defense shield” that will utilize space-based interceptors (Defense Daily, Jan. 28). 

Golden Dome for America is intended to defend against ballistic, hypersonic and cruise missile threats and other advanced aerial attacks, according to the executive order, which the White House said “remains the most catastrophic threat facing the United States.”

“Whether it’s a [directed energy] solution, whether it’s an electronic warfare solution, whether it’s a kinetic solution, whether it’s a mid-course solution or a space-based solution, we have to think about doing business differently to counter the mass array of threats that might likely be realized in that type of scenario when we talk about Golden Dome for America,” Lozano said.

Lozano said the Army is working now on the concepts and “envisioned outcomes” required for Golden Dome, to include exploring how to bring in more remotely-operated and autonomous capabilities. 

“You have to understand [those] decisions that can be made by AI-enabled algorithms and you have to understand decisions that have to be made by a human. And you have to define those to at least a certain extent so that there’s a  common understanding between this community of what outcomes are acceptable to the American public,” Lozano said. “Think about an architecture that’s maybe set up around Los Angeles, set up around San Francisco, set up around Seattle, controlled by a central hub in Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas. [There would be] very few touch points at those locations but those remote locations have to be operable 99.9 percent of the time. We usually don’t design that into our systems. But we’re going to have to think hard about those systems and how we achieve those certain levels of reliability.”

Part of the focus on bringing in more autonomy is aimed at addressing how the Army’s “constrained force structure” can commit to the Golden Dome effort, according to Lozano.

“There are only so many soldiers within the Army. So when you talk about defending sites from a terminal perspective, we’ve really got to be focused on minimal manpower,” Lozano said. 

The Missile Defense Agency last week announced a new Multiple Authority Announcement (MAA) vehicle to let the DoD quickly pursue non-traditional acquisitions under one announcement, as it looks to support  the Golden Dome initiative (Defense Daily, March 31).

Bollinger Delivers First Three Counter-Mine Unmanned Surface Vehicles To Navy

Bollinger Shipyards recently delivered the first three Mine Countermeasures Unmanned Surface Vehicles (MCM USVs) to the Navy.

The Navy plans to use the MCM USVs as a key part of the MCM Mission Package (MP) of Littoral Combat Ships (LCS) to replace the aging manned

Avenger-class MCM ships and MH-53E helicopters. The vessels are expected to conduct minesweeping, mine hunting, and mine neutralization operations.

A Common Unmanned Surface Vehicle (CUSV), heads out to sea for the Poniard launching test from the ROKS Cheon Ja Bong tank landing ship as part of the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) on July 12, 2024. (Photo: Textron via U.S. Navy)
A Common Unmanned Surface Vehicle (CUSV), heads out to sea for the Poniard launching test from the ROKS Cheon Ja Bong tank landing ship as part of the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) on July 12, 2024. (Photo: Textron via U.S. Navy)

MCM USV is specifically part of the Unmanned influence Sweep (UISS) system where it tows anti-mine payloads like the RTX [RTX] AN/AQS-20C sonar to detect, localize and classify bottom, close-tethered moored and volume moored mines. The craft is able to be launched from both LCSs and shore facilities.

The company boasted the MCM USV is the Navy’s first program of record, non-prototype autonomous surface ships.

“Bollinger is proud to deliver the first three full-rate production MCM USVs to the U.S. Navy. This milestone demonstrates Bollinger’s ability to deliver highly complex, next-generation capabilities that meet the evolving needs of our naval forces,” Ben Bordelon, President and CEO of Bollinger Shipyards, said in a statement.

In 2022, the Navy surprisingly awarded the MCM USV award to Bollinger rather than Textron [TXT], despite the latter having built the four Common Unmanned Surface Vessels (CUSV) used to test the concept (Defense Daily, April 11, 2022).

The original contract covered three MCM USVs, with options of six more in the base year and up to an additional 24 total. 

In 2023, Bollinger won another $12.5 million award for four more MCM USVs (Defense Daily, Oct. 23, 2023).

Bollinger said the USV uses the multiple Payload Delivery Systems (PDSs) to include the Minesweeping PDS, Minehunting PDS and PDSs for future payloads, including Mine Neutralization. It noted all of these systems will integrate onto a base MCM USV.

Bollinger is building the MCM USVs at its Lockport, La., facility and has currently been contracted to deliver nine vessels and still has options for up to 18 more under the current contract.

Space Force Contracts With Astroscale For On-Orbit Refueling Demonstration

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo.—Astroscale U.S. has contracted with the U.S. Space Force to conduct the first ever refueling missions of Defense Department assets in space, and the first time hydrazine refueling operations will be done above geostationary orbit (GEO), the company said on Tuesday.

Under the $61 million contract, Astroscale U.S. expected to launch its 300-kilogram ASPR refueling spacecraft in the summer of 2026 and, following a 45-day check out period, will first conduct rendezvous and proximity operations with a DoD asset before docking and refueling the client spacecraft. Once complete, the ASPR will maneuver a “safe distance” away and use an onboard hyperspectral sensor to conduct a “leak check” of the DoD asset, Clare Martin, executive vice president of Astroscale U.S., said at a media roundtable during the annual Space Symposium.

Astroscale U.S. is the Denver-based operation of Japan’s Astroscale

. The company’s space refueler is being built in Denver. Southwest Research Institute is building the satellite bus for Astroscale.

Following the refueling of the first asset, the ASPR will maneuver to an on-orbit refueling depot, take on hydrazine, and then navigate to a second DoD spacecraft to refuel it, Martin said.

The mission for the Space Force is slated for six months. Orbit Fab is supplying the docking mechanism for the ASPR and the on-orbit refueling depot. The DoD assets are the Space Force’s Tetra-5 satellites, which will begin launching in 2026.

“This is an operational, repeatable logistics capability that unlocks sustained maneuverability in space,” Ian Thomas, Astroscale’s program manager, said of the upcoming mission. He highlighted that the ASPR is “highly maneuverable” itself.

“This mission lays the foundation for a future where spacecraft can maneuver, can be refilled, can go on to stay in the fight in a dynamic space environment, and where the logistics supply chain is just as dynamic as the missions it supports,” Thomas said.

The refueling operations will occur 400 kilometers beyond GEO over the continental U.S. and the Pacific Ocean, company officials said.

Later, during a separate media roundtable, Lt. Gen. Phil Garrant, the commander of U.S. Space Systems Command, said the refueling mission will be an opportunity to “flesh out requirements” and concepts of operation, develop tactics and techniques, and understand the feasibility of these operations. It is also a chance to review the business case and whether it makes sense to conduct refueling operations in space or acquire “a cheaper satellite that’s just cheaper to replace.”

There were 23 bids for the mission, which was awarded in less than 120 days after proposals were solicited, said Matt Young, who heads the Space Enterprise Consortium for NSTXL, which managed the procurement.

L3Harris and BAE Systems Pitching Funding Add for Four EA-37Bs By FY 2027

The sixth EA-37B by L3Harris Technologies [LHX] and BAE Systems is to arrive in Waco, Texas this month for integration of BAE’s electromagnetic warfare system, as the companies pitch the U.S. Air Force and Congress on more than doubling the current, planned buy of 10 planes–the service program of record.

“When you think about countering enemy kill webs, it’s no longer a one versus one threat versus technique,” Dave Harrold, BAE’s vice president and general manager of countermeasure and electromagnetic attack solutions, told reporters on Monday. “It’s about being able to persecute a variety of threats simultaneously because that’s the complex environment we’re dealing with.”

Since 2023, Congress has received industry briefings on the need to double the Air Force’s planned buy to counter the threat from China (Defense Daily, Oct. 27, 2023).

The EA-37B is to replace the current EC-130H Compass Call and is based on General Dynamics’ [GD] Gulfstream G550 business jet, which is to give the Air Force a faster aircraft with a higher ceiling, endurance, and range. The EA-37Bs are to be based with Air Combat Command’s 55th Electronic Combat Group at Davis-Monthan AFB, Ariz., and are to rely on a software-defined radio architecture, which is to allow other companies to write software for the plane’s systems.

“In partnership with BAE Systems and Gulfstream, we have proposed to Congress and the Pentagon to expand the fleet size of the EA-37B Compass Call electromagnetic aircraft, potentially doubling the fleet to meet the warfighting combatant commander’s requirements for electromagnetic spectrum dominance,” L3Harris said on Monday.

“In addition to the 10 aircraft fleet, the proposal includes four aircraft to be added to the program objective memorandum in fiscal 2027,” the company said. “The proposal recommends and suggests the addition of two of those four aircraft in unfunded priorities lists in fiscal 2026.”

The G550 is out of production so that, if the Air Force wishes to add to its current plan of 10 EC-37Bs, the service may have to buy used G550s from corporate executives. Jason Lambert, president of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance at L3Harris, said on Monday that 20-25 business jets are regularly available for modification into EA-37Bs.

Since one of L3Harris’ predecessors–L3 Technologies–received the first EA-37B-related contract in 2017, L3Harris has been in charge of “cross decking” equipment from the EC-130H. L3Harris and BAE Systems are also prime contractors on the EC-130H, which entered service in 1982. The Air Force bought 14 of these heavily modified Lockheed Martin [LMT] C-130Hs and is retiring them.

BAE builds the EA-37B mission system at the company’s electronic systems unit in Nashua, N.H., and L3Harris integrates the system into the G550 at its aircraft missionization center in Waco, Texas.

“Of the 10 EA-37B under contract for USAF, 1-6 were new off the production line,” the companies said on Monday. “7-10 were pre-owned and modified back to original production configuration.”

In addition to the Air Force, Italy is a potential foreign buyer of the EA-37B, which the companies believe may see a greater market overseas than in the U.S.

USSPACECOM Chief Tout’s Maven’s Role In Space Domain Awareness

COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo.—An artificial intelligence platform increasingly being used across the combatant commands is operational with U.S. Space Command, helping to improve domain awareness of adversarial activity in space, the command’s top officer said on Tuesday.

Maven Smart System has been integrated into USSPACECOM’s Joint Operations Center (JOC) and is “helping us manage adversary space order of battle boosting space domain awareness,” U.S. Space Force Gen. Stephen Whiting said during a keynote address at the annual Space Symposium. Maven is also being considered for space control missions, he said.

Space control is the Space Force’s vision for space superiority, using offensive and defensive means to maintain access to space for friendly forces while denying it to enemies.

Maven is managed by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Palantir Technologies

[PLTR] is the prime contractor for the system. The system uses computer vision technology to quickly find targets and other items of interest for warfighters.

“The Maven Smart System uses large language models to help us better anticipate the threats that are coming and then integrate sources from across the intelligence community as quickly as possible,” Whiting said. “In our JOC, Maven streamlines the tactical reporting between SPACECOM and subordinate operation centers to assess risk and gain decisional advantage.”

Last week the command was supported by Maven officials for a three-day sprint at the top-secret level using a “new large language model” to accelerate space domain awareness and decision-making, he said.

USSPACECOM has also made progress in improving its operating picture around missile warning and defense, Whiting said. A year ago, the command began a pilot to “fuse missile warning and missile defense data onto a single pane of glass,” and is now demonstrating this fusion on the initial data integration layer that has been developed, he said.

“And now we’re moving forward with operationalizing this system and placing it on our JOC floor,” he said. “And, in coming months, we will be adding additional missions to that program.”

The JOC is Whiting’s strategic level command and control node.

Whiting used the address to outline USSPACECOM’s “five elements of victory” that have been formed over the past year for winning a conflict, which should ensure deterrence.

The first element is being able to withstand a first strike in space and continue operating, he said. Second is transitioning from crisis to conflict. Third is aligning U.S. interests in space across domestic and international stakeholders. Fourth is sustaining forces and capabilities in conflict, and the final element is having space superiority “at a time and place of our choosing,” he said.

Space superiority is underpinned by space domain awareness, which Whiting said will be further advanced by the Silent Barker satellites once they are fully operations, space command and control programs, and Northrop Grumman’s [NOC] future Deep-space Advanced Radar Capability. He also touted an ultra-high-frequency radar array that LeoLabs will install in the Indo-Pacific region that will reduce space domain awareness gaps and “provide early detection and tracking for space and missile launches in China.”

Space superiority also demands “resilient and timely command and control” for space and Earth-based operations, Whiting said, highlighting that his command has “identified four high priority kill chains that require integrated C2 networks for connecting sensors to effectors.”

By 2027, USSPACECOM, working with the Air Force, Space Force, Missile Defense Agency MDA), and the National Reconnaissance Office plans to “have the necessary integration across multiple acquisition programs to field a more agile C2 capability, increasing kill chain speed and lethality,” he said.

USSPACECOM, MDA, the Space Force, and U.S. Northern Command are writing an initial capabilities document to define requirements for the Golden Dome for America homeland missile defense architecture, he said.

USSPACECOM is also working with U.S. Special Operations Command and U.S. Cyber Command on better integrating their respective capabilities into space operations “at tempo and scale,” Whiting said.

“Because, like us, our opponents rely on terrestrial-based space-enabling infrastructure that can be held at risk through all domain operations,” he said. “And it’s time that we can clearly say that we need space fires and we need weapon systems. We need orbital interceptors, and what do we call these? We call these weapons, and we need them to deter a space conflict and to be successful if we end up in such a fight.”